Folha de S.Paulo - = Economistas liberais reivindicam Machado

From: Subject: Folha de S.Paulo - Economistas liberais reivindicam Machado - 22/11/2008 Date: Sat, 6 Dec 2008 12:34:21 -0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0011_01C9579E.F6F3EC80" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0011_01C9579E.F6F3EC80 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq2211200811.htm Folha de S.Paulo - = Economistas liberais reivindicam Machado - 22/11/2008

S=E3o Paulo, s=E1bado, 22 de = novembro de=20 2008

Texto= =20 Anterior | Pr=F3= ximo=20 Texto | =CDnd= ice=20

Economistas liberais reivindicam=20 Machado

Gustavo Franco defende que escritor fez cr=EDticas ao = capitalismo=20 manco brasileiro; para Giannetti, leitura =E0 esquerda =E9=20 reducionista

DA REPORTAGEM LOCAL

Gustavo Franco encontrou recurso melhor que o gasto prov=E9rbio = de que=20 "n=E3o h=E1 almo=E7o de gra=E7a" para defender o ide=E1rio = liberal. "Para n=E3o=20 repetir Milton Friedman sobre refei=E7=F5es gratuitas, vale = lembrar Machado de=20 Assis, no mesmo esp=EDrito: n=E3o se pode ir =E0 Gl=F3ria sem = pagar o bonde",=20 escreveu o economista em sua coluna na Folha.
Depois de = ter sido=20 interpretado como cr=EDtico das contradi=E7=F5es do capitalismo, o = principal=20 escritor brasileiro vem sendo reivindicado por pensadores = liberais. E quem=20 n=E3o gostaria de ter Machado de Assis do seu lado da disputa = pol=EDtica e=20 ideol=F3gica? Ganha-se em autoridade e, como se viu, = estilo.
=C9 o que vem=20 fazendo Franco desde o in=EDcio do ano, quando lan=E7ou "A = Economia em Machado=20 de Assis - O Olhar Obl=EDquo do Acionista" (ed. Zahar), e ao longo = dos meses=20 seguintes em v=E1rias de suas colunas. Numa delas, em setembro, = defendeu que=20 o humanitismo, filosofia inventada pelo personagem Quincas Borba, = fosse=20 uma alegoria cr=EDtica do socialismo.
Ocorre que a = interpreta=E7=E3o da obra=20 do autor fluminense que se tornou hegem=F4nica nos c=EDrculos = universit=E1rios=20 em anos recentes defende o contr=E1rio.
Para o cr=EDtico = Roberto Schwarz,=20 maior nome dessa corrente, Machado intuiu e expressou = contradi=E7=F5es da=20 ideologia liberal numa sociedade escravista, a do Brasil=20 imperial.
Segundo Schwarz, ao mostrar os limites do liberalismo = na=20 "periferia" do sistema capitalista, Machado termina por revelar as = contradi=E7=F5es de seu ide=E1rio tamb=E9m no "centro" (sem ferir = os princ=EDpios=20 liberais nos pa=EDses dependentes, os pa=EDses ricos n=E3o se = sustentariam) e,=20 assim, em toda parte.
Outro economista liberal, Eduardo = Giannetti, que=20 tamb=E9m j=E1 escreveu sobre Machado de Assis, diz acreditar que = tal leitura=20 seja "reducionista". "O escritor se presta ao que est=E1 na = leitura de=20 Schwarz", diz, "mas =E9 muito mais do que isso".
Giannetti diz = se=20 interessar pelo autor fluminense pelas "resson=E2ncias" que = encontra entre=20 sua obra e autores da tradi=E7=E3o filos=F3fica ocidental, como = Denis Diderot,=20 Michel de Montaigne e Arthur Schopenhauer. "Dever=EDamos estar = tratando o=20 escritor nesse n=EDvel, e n=E3o o estamos fazendo at=E9 hoje. = Ainda falta muito=20 para que fa=E7amos justi=E7a =E0 sua universalidade."

O=20 acionista
Para seu argumento, Gustavo Franco se concentra = no Brasil=20 do Segundo Imp=E9rio e da primeira d=E9cada republicana, per=EDodo = que j=E1=20 estudou como economista, e nas cr=F4nicas que Machado escreveu na=20 =E9poca.
Encontra na figura do "Acionista", personagem de = muitas delas,=20 uma cr=EDtica ao capitalismo manco brasileiro, sempre amparado no = Estado. Em=20 vez de enxergar a=ED uma revela=E7=E3o sobre o sistema como um = todo, v=EA o=20 retrato de seus limites no pa=EDs, que para Franco teria uma = sa=EDda: o seu=20 aperfei=E7oamento, sua radicaliza=E7=E3o.
"O tema do acionista = machadiano =E9 o=20 car=E1ter, ou, melhor dizendo, a falta de car=E1ter, ou o mau = car=E1ter do=20 capitalismo brasileiro", escreveu Franco, em entrevista por = e-mail.
"O=20 que pode ser mais atual? Ele usa o acionista para se divertir, e = nos=20 divertir com as pervers=F5es desta "casa", onde n=E3o tem = meritocracia e=20 capitalismo, apenas hierarquias e sinecuras. =C9 a mesma "casa" = depois=20 estudada pelo antrop=F3logo Roberto DaMatta, mas =E9 interessante = que Machado=20 n=E3o necessariamente nos indique a porta da "rua", seja ela o = "mercado", ou=20 a "revolu=E7=E3o". "
Para Lu=EDs Augusto Fischer, professor de = literatura da=20 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, h=E1 espa=E7o para as = duas leituras=20 -a liberal e a "cr=EDtica", =E0 moda de Schwarz. Esta =E9 mais = sofisticada que a=20 de Franco, diz, mas o economista tem alguma raz=E3o ao tentar = puxar essa=20 brasa para a sua sardinha.
"O Gustavo Franco =E9 muito mais um = militante=20 pol=EDtico do que o Schwarz. Ele est=E1 puxando o Machado para o = lado liberal.=20 E eu acho que cabe isso. Minha sensa=E7=E3o =E9 a de que o Machado = maduro, de=20 fato, era um liberal =E0 moda inglesa, e n=E3o um republicano =E0 = moda francesa.=20 A utopia dele era uma sociedade com as institui=E7=F5es = funcionando, com o=20 m=E1ximo de igualdade poss=EDvel", afirma. (RAFAEL CARIELLO e=20 SYLVIA COLOMBO)

Texto Anterior: An=E1= lise:=20 "Capitu" =E9 "mix" de artes bem elaborado
Pr=F3ximo Texto: = Frase= s
=CDnd= ice=20

Copyright Empresa Folha da Manh=E3 = S/A. Todos os=20 direitos reservados. =C9 proibida a reprodu=E7=E3o do conte=FAdo = desta p=E1gina em=20 qualquer meio de comunica=E7=E3o, eletr=F4nico ou impresso, sem = autoriza=E7=E3o=20 escrita da Folhapress.=20

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