Folha de S.Paulo - = Gustavo Franco: Mercado e rentismo

From: Subject: Folha de S.Paulo - Gustavo Franco: Mercado e rentismo - 07/06/2008 Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2008 14:32:37 -0300 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C8C8AB.5580DB10" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3198 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C8C8AB.5580DB10 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/opiniao/fz0706200806.htm Folha de S.Paulo - = Gustavo Franco: Mercado e rentismo - 07/06/2008

<= FONT=20 size=3D1>
S=E3o Paulo, s=E1bado, 07 de junho de 2008=20

Texto = Anterior | Pr=F3x= imo=20 Texto | =CDndi= ce=20

GUSTAVO=20 FRANCO

Mercado e rentismo =

NUNCA FOI muito popular no Brasil a id=E9ia de que o mercado = =E9 a=20 institui=E7=E3o central da economia capitalista. O liberalismo =E9 = tradicionalmente tomado como uma "id=E9ia fora do lugar", para = usar uma=20 express=E3o consagrada, a qual, curiosamente, n=E3o vem de = diagn=F3sticos=20 econ=F4micos sobre o pa=EDs, passados e presentes, mas da leitura = cr=EDtica de=20 Machado de Assis. Com efeito, o Brasil Imp=E9rio era tudo menos = liberal, a=20 come=E7ar pela escravid=E3o, mas tamb=E9m, e principalmente, pelo = fato de=20 assinalar o apogeu do "rentismo".
O "rentismo", com efeito, = =E9 uma=20 doen=E7a antiga, e sua adequada compreens=E3o enfrenta algumas = dificuldades=20 terminol=F3gicas importantes.
H=E1 pelo menos dois tipos de = "rentistas", o=20 mais conhecido =E9 o sujeito que faz poupan=E7a e que "vive de = rendas". Por=20 vezes =E9 chamado de in=FAtil, seja por Raymundo Faoro, no = contexto da galeria=20 de personagens machadianos, seja por John Maynard Keynes, no = contexto de=20 uma economia com excesso de poupan=E7a.
O fato =E9 que, ainda = que passivo=20 e pregui=E7oso, esse "rentista" do primeiro tipo p=F5e suas = poupan=E7as em=20 movimento e, dessa forma, financia o governo, comprando seus = t=EDtulos, ou=20 quem quer que ofere=E7a produtos financeiros no mercado de = capitais.
O=20 "rentista" do tipo "B", este, sim, =E9 um perigo ambulante. =
=C9 o que=20 modernamente chamamos de "rent seeker", ou pessoa f=EDsica ou = jur=EDdica que=20 atua junto ao governo para que este crie, via tributos, = subs=EDdios ou=20 medidas regulat=F3rias, rendas especiais, ditas de monop=F3lio, ou = artificiais, que se distribuem pelos participantes dessa "cadeia = produtiva=20 do privil=E9gio". O rentista do tipo B pode ser encontrado junto a = atividades conhecidas como "pol=EDtica industrial".
Quando = David Ricardo=20 primeiro tratou desse rentismo do tipo B, pensou em rendas = decorrentes da=20 propriedade de uma mercadoria muito escassa, terra de boa = qualidade na=20 Inglaterra. N=E3o pensou em privil=E9gio, tampouco em nada = indecoroso. Mas o=20 fato =E9 que, no Brasil, essa modalidade de rentismo, que tem tudo = de=20 indecorosa, foi a que prosperou.
Quando o Estado produz muitos = privil=E9gios de forma intencional, e mesmo com boas = inten=E7=F5es, o que se=20 passa =E9 que muitos recursos ser=E3o utilizados para a = cria=E7=E3o e a defesa de=20 rendas decorrentes de privil=E9gios, em detrimento do uso desses = mesmos=20 recursos, e talentos, para a cria=E7=E3o de empresas e de = empregos.
Nesse=20 contexto, a aloca=E7=E3o de recursos atrav=E9s de mercados, = impessoais e=20 horizontais, =E9 subversiva. Para usar outra imagem consagrada, o = privil=E9gio=20 =E9 a "casa", e o mercado =E9 a "rua".

gh.franco@uol.com.br

GUST= AVO=20 FRANCO escreve aos s=E1bados nesta = coluna.

Texto=20 Anterior: Rio = de=20 Janeiro - Ruy Castro: Gato com estrela
Pr=F3ximo Texto: Frases=

=CDndi= ce=20

Copyright Empresa Folha da Manh=E3 = S/A. Todos os=20 direitos reservados. =C9 proibida a reprodu=E7=E3o do conte=FAdo = desta p=E1gina em=20 qualquer meio de comunica=E7=E3o, eletr=F4nico ou impresso, sem = autoriza=E7=E3o=20 escrita da Folhapress.=20

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