The goal of this paper is to describe a forecasting model for the hourly electricity load in the area covered by an electric utility located in the southeast of Brazil. A different model is constructed for each hour of the day. Each model is based on a decomposition of the daily series of each hour in two components. The first component is purely deterministic and is related to trends, seasonality, and the special days effect. The second is stochastic, and follows a linear autoregressive model. Nonlinear alternatives are also considered in the second step. The multi-step forecasting performance of the proposed methodology is compared with that of a benchmark model, and the results indicate that our proposal is useful for electricity load forecasting in tropical environments

Publicado em International Journal of  Forecasting, v. 24, p. 630-644, 2008

In this paper, we examine the forecast accuracy of linear autoregressive, smooth transition autoregressive (STAR,0), and neural network (NN) time series models for 47 monthly macroeconomic variables of the G7 economies. Unlike previous studies that typically consider multiple but fixed model specifications, we use a single but dynamic specification for each model class. The point forecast results indicate that the STAR model generally outperforms linear autoregressive models. It also improves upon several fixed STAR models, demonstrating that careful specification of nonlinear time series models is of crucial importance. The results for neural network models are mixed in the sense that at long forecast horizons, an NN model obtained using Bayesian regularization produces more accurate forecasts than a corresponding model specified using the specific-to-general approach. Reasons for this outcome are discussed.

publicado no International Journal of Forecasting, v.21, issue 4, October–December 2005, Pages 755–774

In this paper a flexible multiple regime GARCH(1,1)-type model is developed to describe the sign and size asymmetries and intermittent dynamics in financial volatility. The results of the paper are important to other nonlinear GARCH models. The proposed model nests some of the previous specifications found in the literature and has the following advantages. First, contrary to most of the previous models, more than two limiting regimes are possible, and the number of regimes is determined by a simple sequence of tests that circumvents identification problems that are usually found in nonlinear time series models. The second advantage is that the novel stationarity restriction on the parameters is relatively weak, thereby allowing for rich dynamics. It is shown that the model may have explosive regimes but can still be strictly stationary and ergodic. A simulation experiment shows that the proposed model can generate series with high kurtosis and low first-order autocorrelation of the squared observations and exhibit the so-called Taylor effect, even with Gaussian errors. Estimation of the parameters is addressed, and the asymptotic properties of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator are derived under weak conditions. A Monte-Carlo experiment is designed to evaluate the finite-sample properties of the sequence of tests. Empirical examples are also considered.

Publicado em Econometric Theory, v.25, p. 117-161, 2009

publicado na Revista de Economia Política, v.26, n.1, janeiro-março, 2006

publicado como capítulo de livro em  GLEIZER, D. (coord.) Aprimorando o mercado de câmbio brasileiro. São Paulo: Bolsa de Mercadorias & Futuros, 2005

We propose the local-global neural networks model within the context of time series models. This formulation encompasses some already existing nonlinear models and also admits the mixture of experts approach. We emphasize the linear expert case and extensively discuss the theoretical aspects of the model: stationarity conditions, existence, consistency and asymptotic normality of the parameter estimates, and model identifiability. The proposed model consists of a mixture of stationary and nonstationary linear models and is able to describe "intermittent" dynamics; the system spends a large fraction of time in a bounded region, but sporadically develops an instability that grows exponentially for some time and then suddenly collapses. Intermittency is a commonly observed behavior in ecology and epidemiology, fluid dynamics, and other natural systems. A model-building strategy is also considered, and the parameters are estimated by concentrated maximum likelihood. The procedure is illustrated with two real time series.

Publicado no Journal of the American Statistical Association, v.99, n. 468, p. 1092-1107, 2004